1 Understanding Storage Policies
- 1.1 Lifepoints to Prevent Deletion
- 1.2 Lifecycle Evaluation Example
2 Specifying Lifepoints and Lifecycles
- 2.1 Guidelines for Lifepoints
3 Constraints for Replication and Deletion
- 3.1 ReplicationConstraintSpecialist
- 3.2 DeletionConstraintSpecialist

Use optional lifepoint headers to define object-specific Swarm replication and retention policies with varying complexity as the situation requires.

See SCSP Headers.

Understanding Storage Policies

Each node in a storage cluster includes a Health Processor that continuously cycles through the list of content objects it stores on disk to determine what is considered "healthy" for each object at this particular point in the lifecycle. The Health Processor may determine an object needs to have at least three replicas of itself stored within Swarm. This requirement referred to as a content constraint or a constraint enables the Health Processor to take the appropriate action when needed to verify disk-level and lifecycle data protection.

Specify a constraint when first storing the object in the storage cluster. The constraint can be changed with a COPY or a PUT for mutable or named objects.

Constraints can also be grouped together and provided an expiration date. This type of constraint group is called a lifepoint because it represents a point where the health requirements of an object change. A sequence of lifepoints are collectively called a storage policy or a content lifecycle.

Lifepoints to Prevent Deletion

An important use of lifepoints is to protect objects from deletion. Deleting a bucket containing such protected objects generates errors and orphans those named objects.

Best Practice

Make the bucket object indelible if maintaining a bucket for indelible objects.

See "DELETE for domains and buckets" in SCSP DELETE.

Lifecycle Evaluation Example

Consider an object written to Swarm on June 12, 2015. The object must have at least three replicas and cannot be deleted by any user in the first six months since creation. The object needs two replicas and client applications can delete the object in the second six months since creation. The object is deleted after a year.

Complete Lifecycle Policy

Lifepoint: [Wed, 12 Dec 2015 15:59:02 GMT] reps=3, deletable=no 
Lifepoint: [Sun, 08 Jun 2016 15:59:02 GMT] reps=2, deletable=yes 
Lifepoint: [] delete

Note

There is one instance of the object if there is one replica of an object in a cluster. Replica and instance are synonymous in this context.

Each time the Health Processor (HP) examines the object it checks the current date to determine how to apply the lifepoint policies:

Time Frame	Lifepoint Effects	Notes

Time Frame

Lifepoint Effects

Notes

Before the first lifepoint date

Swarm refuses SCSP DELETE requests.

HP maintains at least three replicas of the object in the cluster.

Between the first and second lifepoint dates

Swarm accepts SCSP DELETE requests.

HP allows the number of replicas in the cluster to decrease.

Now the lifepoint specifies the deletable constraint enables a client to delete the content by sending an SCSP DELETE message with the object's name or UUID

After the second lifepoint date

Swarm accepts SCSP DELETE requests.

HP deletes the object at the first checkup.

The last lifepoint with no end date is in effect indefinitely once it comes in range.

Specifying Lifepoints and Lifecycles

Use a syntax to specify a complete object lifecycle, and specify one or more lifepoints. Attach lifepoint entity headers to an SCSP WRITE message.

The entity header is shown below in Augmented Backus-Naur Form (BNF) syntax:

lifepoint = "lifepoint" ":" end-date 1#constraint end-date = "[" [HTTP-date] "]" 
	constraint = replication-constraint | delete-constraint | deletable-constraint replication-constraint = 
		"reps" ["=" (1*DIGIT | 1*DIGIT:1*DIGIT)] delete-constraint = "delete" ["=" ("yes" | "no")] 
			deletable-constraint = "deletable" ["=" ("yes" | "no")]

Guidelines for Lifepoints

Follow these guidelines when creating a lifepoint:

Guideline	Explanation

Guideline	Explanation
Make every lifepoint stand alone	Lifepoints do not build upon one another. They stand alone as a complete specification of the constraints that apply to the object in a provided date range. Include the complete set of constraints for a provided end date in the lifepoint header. Correct Lifepoint `Lifepoint: [] reps=1,deletable=no`
Provide time in GMT	Adhere to the Full Date Section 3.3.1 of the HTTP/1.1 specification for HTTP-date. The indicated time must be specified in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). GMT is exactly equal to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) when dealing with Swarm.
Do not use deletable= without reps=	The delete constraint does not store a value and cannot include end-date : Incorrect Delete Constraint
Do not delete contexts by lifepoint	Swarm does not allow lifepoint-triggered deletes of contexts (domains and bucket objects) to protect content objects from being orphaned. See SCSP DELETE for guidance on deleting domains and buckets.
Do not replicate chunked uploads	Chunked uploads are erasure-coded automatically. A request fails if chunked and the current lifepoint specifies replication. Specify two lifepoints to convert a chunked upload. Have the first specify an EC encoding expiring in one day and have the second specify the number of replicas going forward: Converting Chunked to Replication
Do not expect Swarm to validate lifepoints	Swarm does not validate lifepoints when they are added to the cluster to maximize performance. Swarm accepts an invalid lifepoint and later logs an error if the HP cannot parse the lifepoint.

Constraints for Replication and Deletion

Constraint names and values are parsed by Swarm object classes called ConstraintSpecialists that maintain one or more related constraints. The reps constraint is parsed and maintained by the ReplicationConstraintSpecialist. Constraint names are case-sensitive and constraint names not recognized by the ConstraintSpecialists are ignored. The set of allowable constraints is extensible and new constraint types may be added to the system in future releases.

Constraint names and arguments recognized by the ConstraintSpecialists in Swarm include:

ReplicationConstraintSpecialist
DeletionConstraintSpecialist

ReplicationConstraintSpecialist

The ReplicationConstraintSpecialist maintains the desired level of redundancy of content objects and verifies they are stored in the most efficient manner. It understands one constraint name, reps, which is set by protection type:

Replicas – a single integer value
EC – a tuple of k:p integers (such as 5:2)

The ReplicationConstraintSpecialist does this by verifying the actual number of replicas or segments for an object is equal to reps at all times. A default value is supplied from the node or cluster configuration if a replication constraint is missing from the lifepoint. Cluster administrators have control over some aspects of replication behaviors through Swarm configuration parameters:

Replicas – Place limits on the number of replicas that can be specified by defining policy.replicas min and max.
EC – Specify the ec.minParity to verify all objects have a minimum number of parity segments included for protection. Invalid or conflicting values of the reps constraint are ignored, defaults are used, and warnings are written to the log if found in a lifepoint. Lifepoints with erasure coding define what EC level to apply. For example: lifepoint = [] reps=5:2 expresses an erasure-coded level of 5 data segments and 2 parity segments.

Supported Conversion Methods

A storage policy with multiple lifepoints including the following conversion methods are supported as of v6.5:

Replication to EC
EC to replication
One EC encoding to a different encoding

Important

The object size value must be greater than the policy.ecMinStreamSize setting, regardless of the specified lifepoint. The object is not erasure-coded and is instead protected with p+1 replicas otherwise.

DeletionConstraintSpecialist

The DeletionConstraintSpecialist completely removes a content object at a certain point in time and allows or disallows client applications to delete the content object using the SCSP DELETE request.

DeletionConstraintSpecialist understands two constraint names: deletable and delete.

The deletable constraint is set to yes|true or no|false:
- yes|true (default) indicates the object is deletable by any client knowing the name or UUID. The DELETE method must be included in the Allow header for a client delete to be allowed.
- no|false prevents any agent from deleting the object during the effective period of the lifepoint. Any attempt to delete the object result in a 403 (Forbidden) response.
The delete constraint does not accept a value. This constraint causes DeletionConstraintSpecialist to delete the content object from the cluster. The result is the same as if a client application had deleted the object.

Delete must be the sole constraint in a lifepoint when present because other conditions on a deleted object may not be applicable. A delete lifepoint must be specified with an empty end date.

Swarm Documentation

Lifepoint Metadata Headers